‘What have archaeologists discovered at Gunung Padang?’

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AI – ‘Archaeologists have found evidence of a large, multi-layered structure, possibly a pyramid, at Gunung Padang, with claims of human construction phases dating back to the Paleolithic era (around 27,000 years ago). However, these claims and dating methods are highly contested by other researchers, who argue the evidence is insufficient and that the site could be a natural geological formation. The visible surface features include stepped terraces and connecting staircases, but the main findings from subsurface surveys like ground-penetrating radar (GPR) indicate hidden cavities and chambers beneath the terraces.  

Discoveries and Claims

  • Multi-layered Structure:

Geophysical surveys and drilling suggest the site is not just a hill but a complex, buried structure with distinct layers of construction. 

  • Hidden Chambers:

GPR and electrical resistivity tomography have revealed large cavities and chambers beneath the visible terraces. 

  • Potentially Ancient Construction:

Carbon dating on soil samples from the layers suggested initial construction phases between 27,000 and 16,000 years ago, potentially making it a very ancient structure. 

  • Stone Features:

The site contains stone terraces, retaining walls made of volcanic polygonal columns, and staircases, some of which appear deliberately shaped and arranged. 

Controversy and Skepticism

  • Dating Methods:

The radiocarbon dating methods used in the contested research have been criticized for using disturbed soil and rock samples, not directly related human artifacts, which can lead to inaccurate results. 

  • Evidence for Natural Origin:

Some geologists suggest the geological features, including the layered rocks and potential chambers, could be the result of natural weathering and rock movement over time. 

  • Retracted Study:

A prominent 2023 study making significant claims about the site’s age and nature was retracted in 2024 due to methodological flaws and lack of supporting evidence, further fueling skepticism, according to The New York Times. 

  • Lack of Artifacts:

A notable lack of clear, undisputed human artifacts has led some researchers to question the interpretation of the site as an artificial pyramid. 

Current Status

  • The site remains a subject of debate, with ongoing investigations and differing interpretations of the findings, as noted by Wiley Online Library. 
  • The controversy highlights the importance of careful archaeological methods and rigorous analysis in interpreting ancient sites.’